Month: April 2014

The polypeptide Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) is a peptide chain consisting of 43 amino acids that is currently being designated for scientific study based on animal test subjects.  It has a molecular weight of 4963.4408.  Its molecular structure is C₁₂H₃₅N₅₆O₇₈S.  It is sometimes known as Tβ4.

How Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) Operates

According to scientific study based on animal test subjects, Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500)’s primary function lay in its ability to bind to actin proteins.  In essence, this process builds a sequestering molecule within eukaryotic cells that inhibits polymerization, otherwise known as the process of reacting monomer molecules in conjunction with a chemical reaction in order to create polymer chains.

This entire process is important because of what actin can do.  Essentially, the globular protein plays a vital role in several key cellular processes found within an animal test subject, including:

• Cell motility
• Cell division
• Cytokinesis
• Vesicle movement
• Organelle movement
• Cell shape establishment and maintenance
• Muscle contraction
• Cell signaling

As Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) interacts with actin, it manages to encourage cytoskeleton migration on a cellular level.  It accomplishes this in two segments.  Firstly, it is able to promote a boosted form of keratinocyte migration.  What this means is, it acts to form an epidermal barrier against environmental damages including heat, water loss, ultraviolet radiation, and other foreign pathogens.  Secondly, the peptide is able to promote an accelerated form of endothelial migration.  What this means is, it provides aid in the formation and maintenance of blood vessels.

Because Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) is able to elevate keratinocyte migration, it has been determined via scientific study of animal test subjects that the peptide possesses a high level of anti-inflammatory properties.  Conversely, because Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) has the ability to boost endothelial migration, the peptide promotes the formation and growth of blood vessels.  It also has been shown to play a key role in the process of angiogenesis, which is the growth of new blood cells from earlier blood vessels in dermal tissues.  These processes have led to the determination that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) can allow for cell migration to occur on a significantly more efficient basis.

Scientific study based on animal test subjects has also led to the deduction that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) possesses natural wound healing properties.  This has been surmised in part because the peptide is present in wound fluid.  Additionally, Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500)’s low molecular weight has been shown to allow the peptides to be able to travel through tissues over the course of long distances.

Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) and Bodily Function

Because of Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500)’s relation with actin and its ability to ultimately promote an elevated sense of cellular migration, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the presence of the peptide can be linked to elevating various bodily functions within the test subject.

One of the processes that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) has been liked to is one that is related to an accelerated sense of wound repair.  Because the peptide has been shown to influence a boosted rate of anti-inflammatory action and has also been shown to contain natural wound healing factors, it has been determined that the peptide can allow for an animal test subject to experience a heightened level of recovery from wounds that would otherwise be slow to heal.

A second process involves an enhanced level of injury recovery.  Because Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) can promote an uptick in cellular generation rate, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the peptide contains the ability to allow muscular and skeletal tissue to recovery from a host of injuries at a significantly higher rate.

Another boosted process is tied to an increase in muscular tissue. This elevated process is tied to the peptide’s ability to promote a more efficient means of cellular growth and transport via an improved cellular migration.  Because of these processes, it has been thought that the peptide can enable a more efficient rate of muscular and skeletal tissue growth.

A fourth elevated process links the presence of Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500) with an enhanced rate of flexibility.  Because the peptide promotes heightened levels of anti-inflammation, it has been determined that the peptide can allow for tissues to experience a wider range of stretching ability without experiencing damage or fatigue.  Thus, this expanded range enables the animal test subject the capacity to take on a greater amount of physical stress an movement without any hyperextension.

PDF View/Download

IGF-1 LR3 is a polypeptide amino acid that is comprised of a chain of 83 amino acids.  It has a molecular structure of C₉₉₀H₁₅₂₈N₂₆₂O₃₀₀S₇, and it contains a molecular weight of 9200.  It is sometimes known under the name of Long r3 igf-1, and it can sometimes confused with a similar peptide know as Long r2 ifg-1 because it possesses a similar molecular build and structural properties.

IGF-1 LR3 and Internal Organs

According to scientific study based on animal test subjects, it has been determined that IGF-1 LR3’s overall functionality is primarily tied to two internal organs:

• The Pancreas – This glandular organ that and key component of the endocrine system is shown to play a vital role in the production of hormones as they relate to an animal test subject’s overall functionality.
• The Liver – This vital organ is chiefly responsible for the detoxification, digestion, and protein synthesis processes that occur within animal test subjects.

IGF-1 LR3’s relationship with the pancreas is solely tied to the organ’s production of insulin; the peptide hormone that is responsible for the cells that are located in the liver, skeletal muscles, and fat tissue to absorb glucose from the bloodstream in a proper manner.  IGF-1 LR3 helps this process by acting to accelerate insulin transport throughout the bloodstream of animal test subjects.

The reason that IGF-1 LR3 can promote this boosted transport level is because of its relationship with the liver; specifically, its relationship with IGF-1; a peptide that is also known as Insulin Growth Factor 1.  IGF-1 LR3 works in conjunction with IGF-1 to boost its otherwise rapid half-life, taking this number from around 20 minutes to approximately 20 hours.

The Results of an Increased Half-Life

According to scientific study that has been based on animal test subjects, it has been shown that IGF-1 LR3’s ability to extend the half-life of IGF-1 can be linked to several improved processes relating to the test subjects.  These improved processes include an increased synthesis of both protein and RNA, and improved transport of glucose and amino acids to cells, and a decrease of protein degradation.

These elevated processes have led scientific study based on animal test subjects to propose three main theoretical benefits in relation to IGF-1 LR3’s overall functionality.

The first theoretical benefit relates to a boosted level of muscle retention amongst animal test subjects.  Studies point to the peptide’s ability to extend the half-life of IGF-1 as the reason for this theory.

IGF-1 LR3’s ability to extend the half-life of IGF-1 has also led to the theory that the peptide can play a key role in allowing an animal test subject to recover from injury at a more efficient rate.  The reason for this theory is that IGF-1’s processes can lead to an extended level of repair for the muscles and tissues in an animal test subject, which would then correlate to a boost in the process of repair as it relates to an injury.

The third main benefit that has been theorized relates to the IGF-1 LR3’s possible ability to increase endurance.  Because the peptide has exhibited the capacity to promote protein synthesis as it inhibits protein degradation, it is thought that it can allow for an animal test subject to experience an increase in muscular performance before the process of fatigue sits in.

IGF-1 LR3 and Hypoglycemia

IGF-1 LR3’s ability to improve the transport of insulin throughout an animal test subject’s body has led to the theory that the peptide’s presence can possibly be linked to hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar.  However, these studies also indicate that the effects related to the condition can be counteracted with an increased intake of glucose.

PDF View/Download

IGF-1 DES 1,3 is a polypeptide consisting of 67 amino acids.  It can go by the names Somatomedin C, IGF1, IGF-1, IGF1A, or Insulin-like growth factor-1.  Its molecular weight is 7371.4.

IGF-1 DES 1, 3 and Cell Proliferation

According to scientific study that has been built around animal test subjects, it has been determined that the chief mechanical operation behind IGF-1 DES 1, 3 lies in its capacity to create hyperplasia, a process that can occasionally be referred to as hypergenesis.  In essence, hyperplasia describes a process in which the proliferation and increase of cells is regulated and controlled.

There are a host of triggers that initiates this vital process.  One of the triggers is an increased need for cells to stabilize an area where cellular proliferation is needed.  A chief example of this would be the creation of a base layer of epidermis as a means to compensate for skin loss.

A second trigger relates to the need to proliferate cells as a means to assist in fighting off inflammation; a condition that can be brought about by several different means including frostbite, blunt physical injury, infections by pathogens, and immune reactions due to hypersensitivity.

Another trigger that may cause hyperplasia to occur would be a hormonal dysfunction.  Specifically, it would be created when cells are needed in order to combat various ailments that may cause a malfunction in the endocrine system of an animal test subject.

Additionally, a host of other forms of bodily compensation could be the root cause for the creation of hyperplasia.  These forms are typically marked by cellular loss that was brought upon due to damage or disease throughout the body.

Because of IGF-1 DES 1, 3’s ability to create hyperplasia, scientific study based on animal test subjects have honed their study to pinpoint the peptide’s capacity to control cellular growth and regulate the development of tissue.  This focus of study also extends beyond the realm of the effects of skeletal and muscular growth in animal test subjects and into the study of IGF-1 DES 1, 3’s relationship with neurological growth.  These latter studies have indicated that the peptide’s presence influences neuronal structure and functionality throughout an animal test subject’s lifespan.  Additionally, these studies have determined that the peptide possesses an ability to maintain nerve cell function as well as an ability to promote nerve growth.

What This Relationship Means

Because of IGF-1 DES 1, 3’s ability to create hyperplasia, scientific study on animal test subjects has determined that the presence of the peptide could be responsible for several theoretical benefits.

The primary benefit that has been theorized relates to an accelerated rate of muscle repair.  Due to the mechanics of IGF-1 DES 1, 3 and its capacity to create hyperplasia within animal test subjects, it is thought that the peptide could enable muscle tissue to repair at an elevated rate.  This in turn can lead to an overall boost in muscle growth.

Another theoretical benefit is tied to an accelerated rate of recovery.  Because IGF-1 DES 1, 3 can allow for the proliferation of cells to be produced at a part of the body that such proliferation is needed, it is thought that its inherent process could provide an injury that occurs on a muscular or skeletal level a more efficient rate of healing.

A third benefit that has been theorized relates to the peptide’s ability to possibly slow down the aging process.  This theory is derived from a study based upon lab rats in which it was determined that IGF-1 DES 1, 3’s promotion of cell proliferation and production inhibited the process of natural degradation on the muscle fibers responsible for regulating flexibility and elasticity in the skin and the muscles.  This in turn enabled middle-aged and older rats to maintain a level of speed and power typically found in younger rats.

A Few Negative Side Effects

Scientific study on animal test subjects has also determined that IGF-1 DES 1, 3 has been linked to a few theoretical negative side effects.  Some of these effects include:

• Development of hypoglycemia; that is, low blood sugar
• Swelling of the extremities
• Drop in blood pressure
• Heart irregularities ranging from arrhythmia to cardiac arrest

PDF View/Download