IGF-1 DES-1 – Influences of IGF-1 Levels in Circulation

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IGF-1 DES-1 is one of the primary mediators some hormone types in the animal body. When this chemical is activated, it can affect the bone, cartilage, muscle, kidneys, skin, nerves, hematopiotic cells and lungs. It creates effects that mimic insulin while regulating cell development and growth—and managing cellular DNA synthesis.

Animals that have a deficiency of these natural hormones or the natural version of IGF-1 can have a diminished stature. Animals such as cattle are often treated with a synthetic version of this chemical to help manage conditions such as Laron syndrome that stems from the deficiency of this chemical within the body.

Influences of IGF-1 Levels in Circulation

There are a number of factors that will impact the natural levels of these hormones or IGF-1 in an animal’s body which can lead to growth deficiencies.

  • Factors including the exercise status, time of day, sex, age, nutrition level, body mass index (BMI), stress levels, estrogen status, disease state or xenobiotic intake may affect the level of IGF-1 in the body in a natural setting.
  • Xenobiotic intake has been a recent inclusion to this status as studies showed that IGF-1 status included an axis that had potential to disrupt certain endocrine chemicals, therefore labeling this chemical as an endocrine disruptor.
  • Different animals will require different levels of some hormone types as well as IGF1 DES1 throughout their life cycle in order to manage the various cell stimulation and body development needed throughout the animal’s lifestyle.

Animals that are raised in farm settings will often receive synthetic versions of IGF1 DES1 to stimulate additional muscle growth to increase the animal’s value as a food course.

Fasting will dramatically and quickly reduce the levels of this hormone, which can lead to negative effects. Free range animals may be at risk for this difficulty–should their food source or nutrition levels in the body change quickly.

Reproductive Performance of Bulls

IGF-1 DES-1This study was designed to determine the effects of IGF-1 on sperm mobility, scrotal circumference and percentage of what’s termed as normal sperm cells in Angus beef cattle.

  • Blood samples were taken to determine the blood serum concentration of IGF-1 in each animal. The data was obtained from these samples by studying 100 fall-calving purebred Angus bulls.
  • It was determined that the percentage of mobile sperm cells, the percentage of what’s known as normal sperm cells, scrotal circumference did not vary between animals with high or low IGF-1 levels.
  • When levels of 28, 42 or 56 concentrations of IGF-1 were applied to post-weaning animals, the quadratic regression of the scrotal circumfrance tended to go negative as did the percentage of mobile sperm cells.

The coefficient for quadratic regression in the normal sperm cells was negative for those Angus bulls that received exposure to IGF-1 in 56 concentrations. The scrotal circumference and percentage of normal sperm cells were negative and considered impotent on those bulls that received concentrations of .04 and .08.

IGF1 DES1 is also applied to animals when it is necessary to stimulate reproductive performance. Studies applying this chemical, to include cattle and rats, for this purpose are ongoing.

Sources:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10328346

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GHRH Info – Biosynthetic Pathways are complex

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GHRH is a molecule that has been discovered in plants, mammals, bacteria, fungi and single cell organisms. Initially, it was discovered in molecular biology in 1958 in human genome studies. Because of the recent identification of this enzyme in other organism’s unrelated to human biology, it is now referred to only by the letters GHRH.
CJC 1295 is the synthetic version of GHRH. CJC 1295 just like GHRH allows certain albumins – a globular protein, which is stored in specific areas of the organisms body – to bind to cell receptors.

The Difference

GHRH and CJC 1295 is the duration length. GHRH is exuded in small spurts for short periods of time over a 24-hour period. CJC 1295 is also released in small bursts but has an extended half-life that continues the bursting action over a longer period during the same 24 hours. CJC 1295 was developed in order to have sufficient lengths of time to measure results, effects and responses that were impossible to do with GHRH.
Although it was first identified in mammalian cellular structure, it has since been detected in bacteria, macroalgae, and other invertabrates. In those few cases that are currently under study, it is becoming evident that CJC 125, aka GHRH, mimics the photoperiodic responses seen in other life forms.

GHRH Info

Expected Observations

One unexpected observation is that the biosynthetic pathways between simple cell and complex mammal use GHRH identically. Once scientists understand the manner in which GHRH works within bacteria, it is possible to modify the detrimental effects of strains dangerous to organisms. The other possibility is that certain diseases/disorders such as Alzheimer’s may be reversed in the future.
In studies on laboratory mice for the purpose of eliminating or including CJC 1295 as a possible corrective GHRH to treat dwarfism in offspring, initial findings report stated that normal growth was maintained in the mice treated with CJC 1295 treated once daily but that those mice treated more often than that failed to show similar results. In some instances, the mice treated more frequently and on different time scales actually deteriorated in growth.

Biosynthetic Pathways are complex

In an earlier study in Strasbourg, France done by molecular biologists, it was ascertained that the biosynthetic pathways that enables the pulsing release of GHRH is much more complicated than a simple ‘a to b to c’ routing mechanism. ICER – an inducible repressor – regulates an alternative binding protein and is tissue specific. This means that the amount and effects of CJC 1295 on any given organism, cell or molecular structure can be sidetracked by this repressor.

CJC 1295 with DAC is time released in a continuous stream instead of in short bursts as its counterpart, CJC 1295 NO DAC does. Thus far, CJC 1295 NO DAC is the only GHRH that has been tested in plants, microbes and organisms. Because there is insufficient evidence to know how it will modify the cell structure over extensive periods, there is no data determining that it is ready for commercial use.

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The protien Igf-1 Des1

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Igf-1 Des1 refers to insulin-like growth factor 1 or somattomedin C. This is a protein that has been encoded as the IGF1 gene when it appears in a natural setting. It is also often referred to as a sulfation factor which causes non-suppressible insulin-like activity when it is activated.

In a natural setting, this hormone mimics the structure of insulin. The synthetic version of this chemical is used as a mecasermin that may have factors that could be used to treat growth failure, though studies are still ongoing regarding the potential application of this synthetic chemical in a natural setting.

Mechanism of Action

The natural version of Igf-1 des-1 exists in a variety of types of tissues and cells.

  • When this chemical binds to IGF1R it creates a receptor tyrosine kinase which initiates intracellular signaling. The Igf-1 des1 chemical is one of the most potent activators within the AKT signaling pathway, stimulating proliferation and cell growth while inhibiting programmed cell death.
  • Once Igf-1 is produced in the body, it will affect every type of cell, particularly the nerve cells, while stimulating DNA synthesis.

The synthetic version of this chemical is largely designed to mimic these effects on tissues. Researchers hope that in time this synthetic chemical can be developed to a point where it could be used to treat deficiencies of GH in the animal body. Currently the synthetic version is applied to cattle to increase reproductive performance.

The protien Igf-1 Des1

Effects on Diet

Igf-1 des1 was studied to determine how it affects the quality and quantity of dietary proteins within plasma immunoreactive insulin in the livers of rats.

  • Plasma immunoreactive concentrations of Igf-1 were found to be higher in rats that followed a casein diet rather than those that followed a protein-free diet consisting of soya-bean proteins.
  • Throughout the study, four species of the Igf-1 hormone were found to have a different molecular weight when stored in the liver of the rat. Those on a gluten diet were found to have a decrease in the size of the chemicals in the liver compared to those on the casein diet.
  • The livers of the rats that were given the gluten, protein-free diet were around .4 compared to the rats that followed the casein diet.

It was found that applying a soya-bean protein diet to the rats did not have a marked effect on the mRNA version of Igf-1. This indicates that this version of the chemical and its sensitivity may be regulated by the nutritional quantity and quality of the dietary proteins in the system.

In more recent studies, a plant expression of Igf-1 des1 was developed in a transgenic rice grain that could produce the chemical in a recombinant natural setting, but additional study is needed to best determine the proper way to manufacture this version of the chemical.

Sources

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=870596

 

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