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Ipamorelin is a chemical name that refers to CJC-1295. There are a number of cells that can be affected by this chemical which typically results in large secretions of hormones in animals when it is applied.

In studies, ipamorelin is commonly used in research environments, because it is more stable than comparable chemicals such as sermorelin. In some cases, this chemical has been used on animals to study potential uses as a melanotan injection.

This version of the chemical binds with the melanocortin receptors in an animal’s skin which could increase inflammation, energy, pigmentation of the skin, sexual function or appetite. Studies of the usefulness or application of these effects in a natural setting are ongoing.

Uses in Increasing Bone Mineral Content

Female rats were used in a recent experiment to showcase the vitality of hormones in normal bone remodeling.

• The study indicated that increasing a certain class of hormone secretagogues would in turn increase the concentrations of biochemical markers that were necessary for the formation of bone. The goal was to determine whether chemicals such as GHRP-6 or ipamorelin could potentially be used to improve bone mineral content in these rats.

• Female rats 13 weeks old were exposed to either chemical via osmotic minipumps for a total of 12 weeks. They were then monitored with dual X-ray absorptiometry every four weeks.

• After the study was completed, the rats were killed to examine the femurs via vitro mid-diaphyseal pQCT scans. The femurs and vertebrae L6 to determine the ash weights.

All applied chemicals were found to increase the body weight of rats and the vertebral and tibial BMC compared to those with vehicle-treated control settings. The pQCT measurements revealed that the cortical BMC increased in the cross-sectional bone area while the cortical volumetric BMD did not change.

Efficacy in Rodent Model Postoperative Ileus

Studies have attempted to investigate whether or not ipamorelin could accelerate the gastrointestinal transit or ameliorate symptoms in a rodent postoperative ileus.

• Male rats were fasted and then given an intestinal manipulation and laparotomy. After the surgery, dye markers were applied to the proximal colon to better evaluate postsurgical colonic transit time or the time it took to reach the first bowel movement.

• The food intake, body weight and pellet output were also regularly monitored throughout the course of the study.

• The rats were either exposed to GHRP-6, a saline vehicle or ipamorelin via intravenous bolus infusion either in one or two doses per day.

This study indicated that ipamorelin would decrease the time of the first bowel movement, but would have no effect on the body weight of the rat, cumulative fecal output or food intake.

However, repeated doses of ipamorelin had a significant impact on the cumulative body weight gain, pellet output and food intake in the rats, implying that applying ipamorelin in postsurgical settings could help to ameliorate symptoms in those with POI.

Versions of ipamorelin used for increasing the secretions of hormones, versus those used to increase the reaction of melanocrotin receptors, have a small variance in amino acid structures.

Sources:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10828840

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19289567

 

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AICAR is capable of both inhibiting and stimulating a variety of proteins which offers a variety of applications in natural environments. The research of AICAR is also attempting to determine the specific pathways that these synthesis inhibitors travel to better understand how the chemical would behave when introduced to a natural environment.

To date these experiments have been performed on rats which somewhat limit the available data, though ongoing experiments are making more data available.

Mechanisms of the Chemical

AICAR stimulates AMP-dependent protein kinase that was first produced in the 1980s.

• When applied, AICAR enhances the rate of re-synthesis of nucleotide which will in turn increase the adenosine from adenosine monophosphate conditions in the myocardial ischemia.

• AICAR is typically used to stimulate protein kinase in a natural environment. The effects of this stimulation appear to be dependent on the amount of the chemical that has been applied to the given environment.

• Studies are currently investigating the impacts of AICAR on glucose.

In studies performed on rats, cyanide-stimulated glucose was controlled by this process, though the necessary applications to control basal insulin-glucose uptake has not yet been discovered in laboratory settings.

Uses and Research

Research has led to the belief that AICAR could be used as an inhibitor that can affect adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase.

• Research is currently investigating the potential benefits of using AICAR to control kinase activity in skeletal muscles. Studies in the skeletal tissues of rats currently imply that AICAR can control these processes without activating additional kinetic processes.

• Because the effects of AICAR are largely concentrated, it may be able to reduce inflammation from triggers such as nitric oxide synthase. This includes circumstances where AICAR was applied to multiple areas of skeletal tissue in the given test subject simultaneously. Data on how these chemicals may interact with tissues other than those of rats is not presently available.

Much of the research surrounding the potential effects of AICAR is performed in order to compare the effects of this chemical compared to AMPK or adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase. This natural enzyme made from three proteins is key to providing cells with energy homeostasis. Presently, AICAR is not able to fully control kinases stimulated by natural AMPK in laboratory settings.

Much of the function of AICAR and its interaction with exposed tissues is dependent on the hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) that is in the area where the chemical has been applied, stimulating a variety of kinase processes based on the needs of the natural environment in a given circumstance.

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There are a variety of GHRP chemicals, both in natural and artificial settings.

These hormones are designed to time the growth and creation of additional tissue. In scientific study these hormones are used to determine their effects of various chemicals.

Additional GHRP Releasers

The GHRP series is a group of hexapeptides that is designed to mimic natural growth releasers.

• Basic versions of these peptides include GHRP1, GHRP2 and GHRP6. These are available in natural forms, though the artificial versions of these chemicals have slightly different properties and are not considered for bodily use.

• GHRP6 has been used as a template to help create additional peptides that have tetra penta and pseudotripepide properties.

• These have a very different structural homology and have different receptors that do not respond to the pituitary and hypothalamic glands the way the natural substances would.

Much of the work that has been done to study these receptors has been done by cloning the original hormone, both to provide researchers with plenty of the chemical for rounds of experiments and to determine the best method for producing an artificial version of the hormone for potential use.

However, these cloned versions do not have the same homology as the natural receptors.

Analyzing

Studying the variance of GHRP variants suggests the natural versions of these chemicals contain a ligand that has not yet been discovered.

• The GHRP series likely have two sites of action that will allow it to interact with both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as necessary. This is likely to help some hormones regulate somatostatin or other factors that help to address hypothalamic factures.

• Any chemical versions of these hormones cannot include any opioid receptor antagonists that would allow them to interact with male or female organisms in an alternate manner.

• The opioid receptor antagonists that appear in certain types of natural some hormones can neutralize the effects or influences of chemicals like GHRP6. In a natural state this is designed to ensure regulation of hormones in a system, but in an artificial state this can negatively impact the ability to study the effects of these chemicals.

Studies of GHRP6 and its impact on free fatty acids, neurotransmitters, rhGH, glucocorticoids or exogenous somaostatin are ongoing to better understand the chemical design of manufactured GHRP6.

Ongoing insight on the GHRP chemical base can allow scientists to make more precise versions of these chemicals for further study.

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