Month: April 2014

The secretogogue Hexarelin is a hextipeptide, meaning that it is a peptide whose structure is comprised of six amino acids.  This gives it a structural integrity that is similar to the peptide GHRP-6.  Its molecular structure is C₅₀H₆₉N₁₅O₉, and it contains a molecular weight of 1024.2.  It sometimes is referred to as Hex, and has a half-life of about 70 days.

Hexarelin’s Relationship with the Brain

It has yet to be determined how exactly Hexarelin operates in the manner in which it does.  However, scientific study conducted on animal research subjects has determined that the peptide does act in conjunction with two regions of the brain. The first region is the hypothalamus, the section of the brain that links the endocrine system with the central nervous system, and the second region is the pituitary gland, the section of the brain that acts as the regulator of an animal test subject’s endocrine system-related processes.  While it has been determined that an association between Hexarelin and these segments of the brain exist, the peptide’s overall effects on the brain have yet to be determined.

Hexarelin and Secretions

Even though the functionality of Hexarelin has yet to be pinpointed, scientific study based on animal test subjects has been able to target specific processes that can be linked to the peptide’s presence.

For example, it has been determined that the peptide’s relationship with the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland plays a role in the peptide’s ability to boost the performance of several bodily processes related to the endocrine system.  Some of these processes include a more efficient rate of mitosis and meiosis, elevated levels of bone density, an accelerated rate of fat loss, a strengthening of connective tissue, and elasticity.  This has led to the theory that Hexarelin may be a vital component in terms of improving muscle strength, endurance, joint rehabilitation, and wound healing.

Additionally, it has been determined that the peptide has the ability to induce a boosted secretion level of IGF-1.  This protein, which is secreted by the liver in animal test subjects, is shown to be instrumental in the growth and repair of muscles and tissues.

One of the bigger determinations about Hexarelin concerns one action that it doesn’t do.  Unlike other peptides that have been shown to produce similar activities, Hexarelin does not induce an elevated production level of ghrelin.  This is the 28 amino acid peptide that is produced by the stomach in animal test subjects as a means to stimulate the sensation of hunger.  Because Hexarelin does not produce an elevated level of this secretion, an animal test subject can retain a level of homeostasis when it comes to the desire to consume food.

Scientific Study of Hexarelin

A great deal of scientific study based on animal test subjects has been concerning a potential link to Hexarelin and the heart’s overall functionality.  Specifically, this research has honed in on the notion that the peptide could potentially include specific properties that can result in an additional layer of heart protection.

Another avenue of scientific study regarding Hexarelin is built on its link to the central nervous system.  Because the peptide has been shown to act in conjunction with the hypothalamus, it is theorized that it could possibly contain a protective effect on the central nervous system in the wake of an injury.

Other studies concerning the peptide revolve around Hexarelin’s potential link to the process of apoptosis, otherwise known as programmed cellular death.  It has been theorized that the peptide’s presence can be linked to the overall functionality of Caspace 3 and Akt.  These two peptides have been shown to play a vital role in the regulation and control of the apoptosis process.

Negative Side Effects

According to scientific study based on animal test subjects, it has been determined that Hexarelin is linked to a few negative side effects, most of which have some sort of link to various secretions relating to the endocrine system.  Some of these negative side effects include:

• Increased risk of diabetes
• Elevated bone pain
• Increased muscle pain
• Elevated level of water retention

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GnRH (Triptorelin) is a decapeptide that is classified as a gonaodtrophin-releasing hormone agonist.  Its alternate names are Gonapeptyl, Decapeptyl, Variopeptyl, and Diphereline.  It has a molecular formula of C₆₄H₈₂N₁₈O_13, and its molecular weight is 1311.5.

GnRH (Triptorelin) Basics

According to scientific studies conducted on animal test subjects, it has been determined that GnRH (Triptorelin)’s functionality enables it two perform three tasks:

• Constant stimulation of the pituitary gland – The peptide has been shown an ability to perpetuate the expression of secretions derived from the pituitary gland; the pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is responsible for the control and regulation of various endocrine system-related functions, including growth regulation, metabolism, sex organ function, pain relief, and more.
• Lessening the secretion of luteinizing hormone – GnRH (Triptorelin)’s presence causes a drop in the production of this secretion, which is tied to the regulation and control of testosterone in male animal test subjects and estrogen in female animal test subjects.  The secretion has also been shown to have an important role in the regulation of the reproductive process.
• Lessening the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone – GnRH (Triptorelin)’s presence causes a drop in the production of this secretion; an expression that is responsible for the regulation and control of the development, growth, and pubertal maturation of animal test subjects.  Like luteinizing hormone, this hormone has been shown to have a key role in the regulation of the reproductive process.

GnRH (Triptorelin) and Secretion Associative Conditions

Because of GnRH (Triptorelin)’s abilities and how they relate to the functionality of the endocrine system and select secretions, scientific studies on animal test subjects have determined that the peptide could theoretically play a key role in combating several issues as they relate to possible malfunctions of the endocrine system.

The primary theoretical benefit that has been linked to the peptide’s presence is its theorized ability to help aid in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers.  Certain forms of cancers, most notably breast cancer and prostate cancer, has been shown to contain a partial link to the secretion of luteinizing hormones and its association with regulating levels of estrogen and testosterone.  Because GnRH (Triptorelin) has the capacity to lower the production level of luteinizing hormones, it has been thought that the presence of the peptide can be instrumental in preventing or slowing the effects of the cancers that have been linked to the hormone’s secretion.

Another theoretical benefit associated with GnRH (Triptorelin) is its potential ability to treat certain estrogen-dependent conditions in female animal test subjects.  Again, this theory ties to the peptide’s ability to inhibit the production of luteinizing hormone and therefore can slow down the production of estrogen in female animal test subjects.  This has led to the theory that the peptide can aid in combating certain conditions such as endometriosis or uterine fibroid.

Another benefit that has been theorized in relation to the peptide is its potential ability to slow the process of precocious puberty; that is, the onset of puberty that occurs at an unusually early age.  The reason behind this particular theory lies with the peptide’s ability to lessen the release of follicle-stimulating hormone and therefore regulate the release of its secretions relating to growth and pubertal maturation on a more efficient basis.

Potential Side Effects of GnRH (Triptorelin)

According to scientific study that has been conducted on animal test subjects, it has been determined that GnRH (Triptorelin) can be linked to several negative side effects of varying severity.

Some of the more common side effects that have been theoretically linked to GnRH (Triptorelin) include fever, joint pain, general discomfort, diarrhea, muscle pain, insomnia, and shivering.  These negative side effects tend to affect the bodies of animal test subjects in a mild manner.

Some of the less common side effects that have been tied to GnRH (Triptorelin) include bladder pain, bloody or cloudy urine, blurry vision, a decrease in urination frequency or urination volume, difficulty breathing, or swelling or bloating in the face or extremities.

Additional scientific study on animal test subjects have also led to the theory that the presence of GnRH (Triptorelin) could potentially result in more serious negative side effects, including issues that are related to high blood pressure or heart disease.

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GHRP-2, also known as GHRP or KP-102, is a secretogogue peptide whose structure is comprised of a half-dozen amino acids.  It has a molecular mass of 817.9, and its molecular formula is C₄₅H₅₅N₉O_6.

The Properties of GHRP – 2

According to scientific study on animal test subjects, GHRP – 2’s chief function is to boost the natural expressions of secretions that are responsible for growth.  This is partially due to the peptide’s ability to stimulate the pituitary gland; the pea-sized gland found at the base of the brain that is responsible for the regulation of several endocrine-related functions, including:

• Growth
• Pain relief
• Blood pressure regulation
• Temperature regulation
• Water regulation within the body

Specifically, the peptide is able to promote an increase in the secretions from somatropic cells that primarily relate to growth.  This then allows an animal test subject to experience an increase of protein synthesis.  This increased process is further boosted by the peptide’s ability to block the production of somatostatin; a peptide that is responsible for regulating the endocrine system and affecting the neurotransmission of cell proliferation through interaction with G protein-coupled receptors.  Further studies have also shown that GHRP – 2 can promote an increase in the production of IGF – 1, also known as somatomedin C.  This protein, which is produced by the liver in animal test subjects, is an endocrine-related secretion that is instrumental in the repair and growth of muscles and tissues.  Additionally, the peptide has been to increase the levels of calcium ion influx; a process that can also stimulate the production of secretions related to growth.

GHRP – 2 and Appetite

Scientific study has also determined that GHRP – 2’s presence can have a profound impact on an animal test subject’s appetite.

The primarily reason for this is due to GHRP – 2’s ability to stimulate the production of ghrelin.  This self-regulating 28 amino acid peptide is primarily produced by the stomach, although it can also be secreted by epsilon cells found in the pancreas.  The purpose of ghrelin is to stimulate the sensation of hunger in animal test subjects.  GHRP – 2’s inherent functionality causes an increase in the production of ghrelin; a process that causes an animal test subjects a desire to consume more food.

Additionally, GHRP – 2 has also been shown to boost the functionality of the hypothalamus; the part of the brain that serves as a link to the endocrine and nervous system.  Studies on animal test subjects show that this boost in functionality also plays a role in the increase of appetite.

This functionality works in conjunction with GHRP – 2’s ability to increase the secretions from the pituitary gland.  An increase in the sensation of hunger within animal test subjects leads to a desire to consume more food.  When this increase of food intake occurs, the peptide’s ability to increase protein synthesis allows the body to use this extra fuel as a means to compensate for this elevated function.  Ultimately, this entire process provides the animal test subject with an elevated level of homeostasis.

GHRP – 2’s Theorized Benefits and Side Effects

According to scientific study conducted on animal test subjects, it has been determined that GHRP – 2’s functionality can be tied to several theoretical benefits.  Some of these benefits include: a more efficient means of muscle mass growth; an increased ability to repair tissue; an elevated means of breaking down body fat; a lowering of cholesterol levels; an enhanced sense of anti-inflammatory action; improved bone density; and an enhanced defense of the liver.

Conversely, scientific study on animal test subjects has also linked a few negative side effects to GHRP – 2’s presence.  These negative side effects include:  An increase in water retention; an increased instance of fatigue; development of tightness and/or carpal tunnel-type symptoms; a tingling and numbness in the extremities; and a decrease in insulin sensitivity.  That being said, these scientific studies have determined that there have been fewer instances of negative side effects associated with GHRP – 2 then there have been with other peptides that have exhibited similar methods of functionality.

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