Month: March 2015

The peptide Lipopeptide is a peptide that is considered to be antimicrobial in nature.  What this means is, it is part of the innate immune response that is located within all animal test subjects.  It contains a molecular weight of 736.98, and it has a sequence of Pal-Gly-GIn-Pro-Arg-OH.  Its molecular formula is C₃₈H₆₈N₆O_8.  It is occasionally known by the name Biopeptide EL, and is also been shown to be insoluble in water.

The Operational Mechanics of Lipopeptide

According to scientific study based on animal test subjects, the basic construction of Lipopeptide is that it is a molecule that consists of a lipid linked to a peptide.  This form of binding is brought about due to binding by Toll-like receptors such as TLR 1.  These receptors, which are classified as being single, membrane spanning, catalytic receptors, are usually produced by the sentinel cells like macrophages or dendritic cells.  What’s more, they are known to for their ability to activate certain immune cellular responses.  In the case with Lipopeptide, this particular response happens once the structurally conserved molecules that are culled from microbes pass through the skin.

This process, according to scientific study based on animal test subjects, has allowed lipopeptide to be instrumental in the creation of collagen.  This is the main structural protein that is culled from a host of connective tissues within an animal test subject’s body.

Some of these tissues include:

• The skin
• Ligaments
• Tendons
• Blood vessels
• Corneas
• Bones
• Dentin in teeth

It has also been determined that Lipopeptide plays a key role in the production of hyaluronic acid.  This substance, which is sometimes known as hyaluronan, is the anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan that is widely distributed throughout epithelial, neural, and connective tissues.  It is considered to be negatively charged, and it also is considered to be a long, unbranched polysaccharide.

Furthermore, the peptide has also been shown to play a vital role in the creation of elastin.  This is a protein that is located in the connective tissue of an animal test subject.  Its primary role is to influence the tissues in the body to retain its normal shape in the aftermath of an episode of contraction or stretching.  In the case of skin, elastin enables it to resume its proper shape and positioning after it has been moved around or manipulated, such as if it has been poked or pinched.

Over a period of time, these secretions that ultimately allow an animal test subject to retain a certain level of homeostasis when it comes to skin diminish.  When this diminishment occurs, the skin reacts by forming lines and wrinkles.  However, because of lipopeptide’s ability to stimulate the production of these secretions, its presence could ultimately cause the skin to achieve a more efficient means of homeostasis for a substantially longer period of time.

Hypothesized Benefits of Lipopeptide

Because of the relationship that Lipopeptide has with an increase in the secretion of hyaulronic acid, elastin, and collagen, scientific study based on animal test subjects has been able to determine that the presence of the peptide could hypothetically be used as an aid to combat the scourge of aging.  Specifically, these studies point to the peptide’s ability to interact with cellular membranes, which in turn allows them to produce the substances that are linked to the skin’s elasticity on a more efficient basis.

Furthermore, some scientific study based on animal test subjects has been conducted regarding Lipopeptide’s use as a potential antibiotic.  These studies have been conducted under the premise that the peptide is considered to be an antimicrobial peptide.  According to these studies, it is thought that the presence of the peptide could be used to subdue or even kill bacterial growth within the body of an animal test subject.  Furthermore, it has been determined that the peptide’s potential as an antibiotic could translate into having an ability to prevent infection in specific situations.

Click here to read Lipopeptide Part 2

Click here to view / download PDF

Lipophilic Properties of Finasteride

According to scientific study based on animal test subjects, it has been determined that Finasteride is lipophilic in nature. What this means is, it has the ability to dissolve in the following substances:

• Fats
• Oils
• Lipids
• Other non-polar solvents

A lipophilic substance such as Finasteride has the capacity to interact within themselves and via other substances through what is known as the London dispersion force, which is a weak intermolecular force that rises from quantum-induced instantaneous polarization multipoles in molecules, and thus can act between molecules without permanent multipole moments.  Furthermore, a lipopholic substance contains little to no ability to form hydrogen bonds.  These properties make the substance water insoluble, which is somewhat intriguing since it is soluble in so many other solvents.

Side Effects of Finasteride

According to scientific study that has been conducted on animal test subjects, it has been determined that the potential for adverse effects stemming from the presence of the catalog chemical is relatively rare. With that being said, it has been theorized that the group of 5α-reductase inhibitors such as Finasteride could be linked to an uptick in the risk of developing high-grade prostate cancer. The reason for this theory stems from the catalog chemical’s ability to reduce the volume of the prostate as a means to slow the condition of hyperplasia. It is thought that this correlation could potentially lower the presence of Prostate-Specific Antigen, also known as PSA, which could in turn make it more difficult to detect the development of prostate cancer. With that being said, it must be emphasized that this does not mean that the presence of Finasteride could be considered a cancer-causing agent.

Further theories regarding the presence of Finasteride and a link to various forms of sexual dysfunction in male animal test subjects have also been theorized as a result of the catalog chemical’s relationship with the prostate gland. However, there has been no concrete evidence derived from scientific study on animal test subjects that would make this theory one-hundred percent conclusive.

Detailed Study of Finasteride’s Action

Scientific study based on animal test subjects has shown that a single dose of Finasteride when given to the subject orally produces a rapid drop in serum DHT concentration. It has been shown that the apex of this drop occurs approximately 8 hours after the initial dosage. DHT’s suppression is further maintained during the ensuing 24 hours after the initial introduction of the catalog chemical, as well as continued catalog chemical administration.

These studies have further indicated that when the catalog chemical is introduced on a daily basis over a 4-year interval, it has been shown that it can reduce serum DHT concentration by an estimated 70%. It was also determined that the same dosage was responsible for an approximate increase of 10% in both luteinizing hormone (otherwise known as LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (otherwise known as FSH). These increases have been instrumental in linking the catalog chemical to the hypothesized treatment of male-pattern baldness.

It has also been determined that in the case of animal test subjects that have hyperplasia, Finasteride does not exhibit a negative effect on circulating levels of prolactin, thyroxine, cortisol, or thyroid-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, there was no clinically meaningful effect determined on the animal test subject’s bone mineral density or its plasma lipid profile, which would include metrics determining total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides.

Other Properties of Finasteride

It has been determined through scientific study of animal test subjects that the mean bioavailablity of Finasteride is 63%. Furthermore, maximum finasteride plasma concentration averaged 37ng/mL, and this peak concentration was reached 1 to 2 hours after its introduction. It was also determined that the catalog chemical’s biovailability was not adversely affected by food.

It was also determined that about 90% of catalog chemical upon circulation is bound to plasma proteins, and these particular concentrations do build up over time. The catalog chemical has also been shown to cross the blood brain barrier, but it has been determined that it does not exhibit a preferential distribution to the CSF, or cerebrospinal fluid.

Finasteride’s mean half-life has been determined to be 6.2 hours. However, it has also been determined that this particular number increases in direct proportion to the age of the animal test subject.

And it has also been determined via scientific study based on animal test subjects that Finasteride is metabolized by the liver on an extensive basis. Specifically, it has been shown to be metabolized through the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme subfamily.

Click here to read Finasteride Part 1

Click here to view / download PDF

Do not buy from www.extremepeptides.co.za – you will get ripped off!

It has been brought to our attention that there is a rouge Extreme Peptide site operating out of South Africa.

Upon visiting the site it should be obvious that this site is NOT affiliated with us.

• The site design is absolutely terrible, they did a poor job at mocking our brand.

• The product selection they offer does not line up to our huge selection of peptides and research chemicals.

• It has been reported to us that they are not shipping orders that they are receiving payment for.

Not only is the “Extreme Peptides South Africa” site not an authorized retailer of our peptides, they are also ripping off our loyal customer base.

We hope that you find this post before you find that site if you are looking to buy peptides in South Africa.

The real Extreme Peptide site (this one) ships to South Africa. If you need peptides or research chemicals and you live in that region, please visit our homepage and buy your peptides from the proper source.

We are taking the proper action to have the site removed (if possible) through legal channels.