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What is Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500)?

tb500 The polypeptide Thymosin Beta 4 (TB500), also known as Tβ4, is a peptide that has a molecular formula of C12H35N56O78S and a molecular weight of 4963.4408.  Its structure is comprised of a chain made up of 43 different amino acids.  It is currently being used exclusively for scientific study on animal test subjects.

How Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) Works

According to scientific study based on an animal test subjects, the primary impetus of operation regarding Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) relates to its ability to regulate and control the production of actin.  This cell building protein acts as a critical part of a cell’s overall genetic design and functionality.  It has been shown to be an essential part of processes that relate to cellular motility, cell division, cytokinesis, cell signaling, muscle contraction, and vesicle and organelle movement.

The way in which Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) has been shown to interact with actin is that its structure allows it to bind to the protein.  This action thus produces a molecule within an eukaryotic cellular unit that inhibits acting polymerization, which is the process of reacting monomer molecules in conjunction with a chemical reaction; this process forms polymer chains or three dimensional networks.

This relationship that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) has with actin ultimately is at the base of several bodily processes.  Some of these processes include:

  • A boost of endothelial and keratinocyte migration – this process means that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) aids to not only form and maintain blood vessels, but it can also help in the creation of an epidermal barrier against heat, water loss, UV rays, and other pathogens.
  • Wound healing capabilities – it has been determined that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) can be detected in the fluid that can build up and around an animal test subject’s wound, and it has shown that its natural properties contribute to a wound getting better.
  • Long distance internal transport – Because Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) has been determined to have a low molecular weight, it has been determined that the peptide has the ability to travel through tissues over the course of long distances.

The Fruits of This Relationship

Because of the relationship that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) has in terms of binding with actin, scientific study that has been built on animal test subjects has determined that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500)’s overall operational mechanics could play a vital role in elevating  a hot of bodily processes.

Arguably, the most obvious of these processes relates to dealing with the process of wound repair.  Because the peptide has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its abilities regarding wound repair, scientific study that has based on animal test subjects as determined that it can provide an increased efficiency to wounds repair relating to wounds that would otherwise heal slowly.

Another process that has been shown to be elevated ties to the injury recovery process.  Because Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) has been shown to boost a faster rate of cellular generation through its interaction with actin, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that it has the faculty to allow for a boosted rate of muscular and skeletal tissue growth to occur.

Additionally, scientific study based on animal test subjects has derived the notion that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) could play a key role in the growth of muscular tissue.  This process has been linked to its shown ability to promote cellular migration, which in turn is said to be able to boost cellular growth and transport.

These studies have also noted that Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500)’s functionality could provide a boost in flexibility on a muscular level.  This notion is directly tied to the peptide’s ability to protect the animal test subject from pathogens as well as its abilities regarding muscular contraction.  These principles are said to allow an animal test subject the ability to experience a greater range of physical stress and movement without experiencing any hyperextension.

Other benefits that have been tied to Thymosin Beta 4 (TB 500) include a boosted process of angiogenesis (that is, the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing blood vessels), collage deposition, and cell differentiation in blood cells.

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ACVR2B – Part 2

ACVR2B and Inuslin

It has also been theorized that ACVR2B’s ability to improve glucose metabolism can also reduce an animal test subject’s level of insulin sensitivity.  As such, some scientific studies on animal test subjects have been geared toward finding ways to link the peptide with a lower level of insulin resistance.

ACVR2B and Muscular Dystrophy

The biggest amount of scientific study based on animal test subjects in conjunction to ACVR2B is the relationship between the peptide and how it could conceivably combat the scourge of muscular dystrophy.

The term muscular dystrophy is an umbrella term describing a group of muscular diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and ultimately slows down motion.  It is chiefly characterized by progressive weakness in the skeletal muscle, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle tissue and muscle cells.  Most types of the condition are multi-symptom disorders that appear in body systems such as the heart, nervous system, endocrine glands, gastrointestinal system, brain, and eyes.

The main scientific focus on ACVR2B’s conceptual ability to combat muscular dystrophy stems around a specific form of the disease called Duchenne muscular dystrophy.  Almost exclusively found in young boys, this particular form of muscular dystrophy is considered to be the most common childhood iteration of the disease, as it becomes clinically evident when the child begins to walk.  The form of muscular dystrophy has a tendency to move swiftly; children that have the condition may need walking braces by age 10, and may lose the ability to walk altogether by the age of 12.  It also has an effect on the patient’s lifespan, as it typically truncates it down between the ages of 15 and 51.

Scientific study that has conducted on animal test subjects has determined that Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is caused due to a lack of the dystrophin, a protein that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the adjacent extracellular matrix via the cell membrane.  It has been deduced that the severity condition correlates with the amount of properly functioning dsytrophin that is present.  If there is an abundance of defects within the dystophin-glycoprotein complex – that is, the structure that involves dystrophin along with the presence of other key protein compounds – contraction of the muscle leads to the disruption of the outer membrane of the muscle cells and, eventually, the weakening and the wasting of the muscle itself.

The theory behind the usage of ACVR2B to combat Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, according to scientific study that has been built on animal test subjects, is that the peptide’s ability to block myostatin’s basic function to regulate muscular growth and strength can counterbalance the negative effects that can come about due to a lack of dystrophin.  Theoretically, the patient suffering from the condition would be able to achieve a proper amount of homeostasis in terms of muscle growth and strength, thus allowing them to have muscles that function properly as opposed to being weakened and wasted.

Theoretical Side Effects of ACVR2B

Scientific study that has been derived from animal test subjects has also determined several side effects that have been linked to the presence of ACVR2B.  Most of these particular negative side effects are in relation to bleeding, particularly minor bleeding through the nose, the gum, and/or minute dilated blood vessels from within the skin.  That being said, these studies have also indicated that the instances of bleeding were considered to be minor in nature.  Furthermore, it was determined that the dilated blood vessels within the skin were not considered to be a serious threat of safety amongst the animal test subjects involved in the study.

For Scientific Research Only

Although there has been an extensive amount of research and study conducted in relation to ACVR2B and its overall functionality, operational mechanics, and theorized benefits, it needs to be noted that all of the research that has been conducted and the subsequent results from such research has been solely built around the scientific study based on animal test subjects.  The peptide is only intended for the use of scientific study at this point in time.  Therefore, any findings or observations that relate to ACVR2B’s overall functionality, mechanics, or theoretical benefits, should only be contained to the strict confines of a controlled environment such as a medical research facility or a laboratory.

Click here to read ACVR2B – Part 1

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