Category: Product Spotlight

Selank and BDNF

Scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that there has been a link between Selank and brain-derived neurotropic factor, also known as BDNF. This particular protein, which is encoded by the BDNF gene, is determined to be part of the neruotrophin family of growth factors, which in turn are linked to the canonical Nerve Growth Factor. Studies that have been built around the hippocampus of rats (that is, the part of the brain responsible for processing spatial navigation and consolidating information from short-term memory to long-term memory) have shown that the presence of the peptide can cause a rapid boost of the expression of the protein. This increased boost can theoretically improve the following processes:

• Survival support of existing neurons
• Growth and differentiation of new neurons
• Growth and differentiation of new synapses

Ultimately, an increase in BDNF could lead to a more stabilized means of processing and retaining long-term memory. As such, it has been thought that the presence of Selank could be an effective aid in the ongoing study of certain memory impairment-related conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Properties of Selank

Typically, Selank is presented in the form of lyophilized powder; that is, a powder that has been freeze-dried. In terms of solubility, the peptide has been determined to be soluble in either water or in 1% acetic acid.

Because it is delivered to laboratories or research centers in a lyophilized state, it is thought that the peptide should be stored desiccated at a temperature below -18 degrees Celsius. Upon the peptide’s reconsititution, re-storage depends on the interval of time it will be out of storage. If it is going to be re-stored within a time interval of 2 to 21 days, it should be stored at 4 degrees Celsius. It if is going to be re-stored for a length of time beyond the 21 day time frame, it should be stored at below -18 degrees Celsius.

In terms of Selank administration, it should be noted that the peptide cannot be introduced orally. The reason for this is because it is a peptide that would be hydrolyzed and in essence broken down to its base amino acids within the animal test subject’s gut.

In the latter form of administration, it is important that Selank is dissolved into a soluble substance that will not interfere with the peptide’s overarching functionality. It has been shown that the peptide, when administered in this manner, is quickly absorbed by the animal test subject’s nasal mucosa, and ultimately the blood plasma, where it is carried throughout the test subject’s vascularized organs.

Selank and Anhedonia

Although there have been no major negative side effects associated with Selank, there has been some ongoing scientific study on animal test subjects that has set out to determine whether or not the absence of the peptide could be linked to anhedonia after the testing period. Anhedonia essentially is defined as the reduced ability to experience pleasure, and it has been thought that because Selank has been linked to improving various forms of cognitive thought, it has been theorized that the animal test subject can experience a lack of motivation once the peptide wanes. With this being said, the results of this theory are currently inconclusive, as there is currently a lack of long-term data to support this hypothesis one way or the other.

Purchasing a Peptide Such as Selank

There are in essence three basic metrics that should always be at the forefront of the purchase of any peptide such as Selank.

The first metric is the assurance of the peptide’s purity level; specifically, the higher the purity in this case, the better the peptide. A lower purity percentage peptide may cause an increase in research variance, which could end up compromising the overarching integrity of the research data.

Secondly, it is always a good idea to ensure the proper amount of peptide that is needed for the duration of the research. This does require the person conducting the study on animal test subjects to have a solid bead on what goals are being set out to meet. Anything else ordered that goes beyond this set parameter would be considered a waste of peptide.

Finally, it is always important to double check with the supplier to make sure that the proper research materials with the peptide are being delivered. This simple step will go a long way in eliminating the guesswork about a peptide’s administration or storage properties once it has been received.

Click here to read Selank – Part 1

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The peptide Selank is considered to be a heptapeptide.  What this means is, it is a peptide chain that is consisting of seven amino acids.  It contains a molecular mass of 751.9, a sequence of Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro, and it has a molecular formula of C₃₃H₅₇N₁₁O₉.

Selank at a Glance

According to scientific study that has been conducted on animal test subjects, it has been shown that the way in which Selank operates allows it to have the capacity to boost the secretion of serotonin.  This is the neurotransmitter that is tied to several elements that are linked the regulation of the following functions:

• Mood
• Sleep
• Appetite

The presence of the peptide has been shown to produce an increase of serotonin’s release, which in turn means that it boosts the efficiency in the way in which serotonin operates.  This ultimately means that the animal test subject can ultimately experience a more efficient means of achieving homeostasis in the functions that are linked to serotonin.

In addition to working in conjunction with serotonin, it has been shown through scientific study on animal test subjects that the Selank has the capacity to facilitate the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters.  These are neuromodulators and neurotransmitters that posses one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring through a two-carbon chain.  Monoamine neurotransmitters work in a similar fashion to serotonin in the sense that they play a vital role in the regulation of specific cognitive processes within an animal test subject, such as emotions, arousal, and certain types of memory.  It has been shown that the presence of Selank can provide a boost in the regulatory functions of the monoamine neurotransmitters, which could then allow the animal test subject to experience various cognitive processes on a much easier, more efficient basis.

It has also been determined through scientific study based on animal test subjects that Selank has the capacity to modulate the expression of a secretion known as interleukin 6.  This particular secretion, which is expressed by white blood cells in an animal test subject, has the capacity to act as either a pro-inflammatory cytokine or an anti-inflammatory myokine, depending on the situation.  Interleuken 6 has been shown to play a vital role in the stimulation of the immune response in the midst of infections or in the aftermath of trauma, especially during instances of tissue damage leading up to infection.  Because Selank has the ability to modulate interleukin 6’s expression, it is determined that it can produce a more efficient means of fighting off infection and speed up the immune process.

Selank and Perceived Benefits

Because of the way in which Selank has been shown to function, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the peptide’s presence could make it instrumental in various treatments.

Because of its relationship with serotonin and monoamine neurotransmitters, it has been determined that the peptide could have the capacity to play a key role in fending off various emotional anxiety disorders, such as depression.  Furthermore, it has been determined that the peptide’s presence could yield a stabilization of mood, which could create a more consistent sense of well-being.  Plus, it has been theorized that Selank’s relationship to cognitive thought could produce an increase in various functions that correlate to cognition.  Some of these functions include an increase in mental clarity, a boost in sensory attention, and a boost of learning and various memory processes.

It has also been perceived that Selank could potentially provide treatment and aid from various sleeping disorders.  The reason for this theory is due to the way in which the presence of the peptide has been shown to boost the overall functionality of neurotransmitters.

It should also be noted that while these scientific studies on animal test subjects have yielded various theoretical benefits, they have also yielded the notion that the peptide causes very little negative side effects.  The ones that have been caused has been mild in nature, such as fatigue.

Click here to read Selank – Part 2

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PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a research cyclic peptide whose scientific study on animal test subjects is primarily tied to potentially positive effects relating to hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion injury.  It contains a molecular mass of 1025.2, and carries a molecular formula of C₅₀H₆₈N₁₄O_10.  It also has a half-life of 120 minutes.

The Scientific Process of PT-141 Bremelanotide

PT-141 Bremelanotide’s operational mechanics has been shown to be linked to the central nervous system.  On a more specific level, according to scientific study based on animal test subjects, PT-141 Bremelanotide has been shown to activate melanocortin receptors MC-3R and MC-4R.  This action of activation has allowed scientific study on animal test subject to determine that the peptide engages in this way as a means to inhibit and control specific signals which are transmitted from the brain to various components of the nervous system that relate to inflammation and blood flow restriction.  When these particular receptors are triggered, the result is a modulation of inflammation and a limit of blood flow restrictions as they relate to triggers that are linked to ischemic conditions.

Ultimately, this sense of control has enabled scientific study based on animal test subjects to hone in on the peptide’s purpose.  Essentially, they said this function was twofold.  Firstly, the peptide can be shown to curb bodily irritation which can be brought upon by various pathogens and irritants.  Secondly, the peptide can minimize the damage or dysfunction of blood vessels and other associated tissues, up to and including the damage that could result from an ischemic episode.

Additional scientific study that has been based on animal test subjects has determined that PT-141 Bremelanotide’s course of action is through the central nervous system, as opposed to directly expressing itself through the bloodstream.

PT-141 Bremelanotide and Hemorrhagic Shock

One of the main focuses of scientific study based on animal test subjects is determining the link between PT-141 Bremelanotide and the serious condition of hemorrhagic shock.  Essentially, the condition itself is marked by lower tissue perfusion, which over time turns in an inadequate delivery of oxygen an nutrients that are vital for cellular function.  The condition is split into four classes: neurogenic; cardiogeneic; hypovolemic; and vasogenic – better known as septic.  Overall, it is a very tricky ailment to deal with when it’s observed on a cellular level, because no two cells will express the exact presentation of shock identically.

Scientific study based on anima test subjects has shown that PT-141 Bremelanotide’s design is to stimulate the neural reflects as a method to regulate blood flow through organs that would otherwise slow down o even shut down as a result of hemorrhagic shock.  This particular manner of stimulation can be manifested in several ways, such as:

• A boosted heart rate
• Vasocsontriction
• A redistribution of blood flow away from organs that an animal test subject would deem to be unnecessary for ultimate survival, such as the skin or the kidneys

PT-141 Bremelanotide and Reperfusion Injury

Another main area of scientific study that has been based on animal test subjects is determining a link between PT-141 Bremelanotide and its conceived ability to lessen the effects of reperfusion injury.  In essence, a reperfusion injury refers to the type of tissue damage that could be caused in the wake of an ischemic episode, such as  a stroke or angina pectoris.  When this condition happens, a process that is normally considered to be important – that is, the circulation of blood flow through an organ – actually results in oxidative damage and inflammation via the condition of oxidative stress.

It has been determined via scientific study on animal test subjects that PT-141 Bremelanotide can work on a neurological level in order to lower the inhibitions that would otherwise be linked to the restriction of blood flow to tissues as a result of the ischemic cascade.  The ultimate result of this process would translate to a lowering or even a blockage of any and all resultant damage that may otherwise happen from blood flow limitation to potentially affected areas.

Other Focuses of Study

While the studies between PT-141 Bremelanotide and its respective links to hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion injury are the most prominent fields of study regarding the peptide, it should be noted that some studies in relation to the peptide has been focused on discovering a link between it and sexual dysfunction in both male and female animal test subjects.

Sources:

We have PT-141 available for purchase in our store:

• https://www.extremepeptides.com/product/pt-141-bremelanotide-10mg/

You can read more essays we have prepared on this peptide by clicking the links below:

• https://blog.extremepeptides.com/pt141/
• https://blog.extremepeptides.com/bremelanotide-pt-141/

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